Ultrasound Assessment during the Second and Third Trimesters

Sonography Fundamentals

Materials Included

Text
Video
Anatomy
Simulation
Quiz

Obstetric sonography has become an indispensable tool during pregnancy. This module teaches you how to prepare for and perform an ultrasound examination during the second and third trimesters.

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Obstetric sonography has become an indispensable tool during pregnancy. This module teaches you how to prepare for and perform an ultrasound examination during the second and third trimesters. The interactive simulator provides three different scan scenarios that cover different aspects of the scan protocol. It enables students and practitioners to build or refresh knowledge and cognitive skills, and offers a safe online practice environment so you can prepare for the real clinical world. This module is ideal if you are studying for the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS) registry exams.

You’ll learn

to practice, perfect and test your skills in performing an ultrasound scan during the second and third trimesters
to better visualize and understand the normal feto-placental anatomy during the second and third trimesters, with our 3D model and illustrations
methods for calculating gestational age during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy
how to use ultrasound to assess fetal lie, life, number, presentation and situs
how to scan the maternal uterus and adnexae, amniotic fluid and placental location
how to assess fetal biometry and scan fetal anatomy relevant to gestational age
the advantages of 3D/4D imaging compared with those of conventional 2D imaging
much more (see “content details” for more specific information).

Introduction

Step 1 - Preparation

Step 1.1 - Equipment preparation

Step 1.2 - Patient preparation

Step 1.3 - Operator preparation

Step 2 - Expose the lower abdomen and apply the gel

Step 3 - Select the transducer

Step 4 - Commence the second and third trimester pregnancy scanning protocol

Step 4.1 - Patient position

Step 4.2 - Scan plane

Step 4.3 - Standard second and third trimester protocol image requirements

Step 4.3.1 - Fetal lie, life, number, presentation and situs

Step 4.3.2 - Maternal uterus and adnexae

Step 4.3.3 - Amniotic fluid and placental location

Step 4.3.4 - Fetal biometry

Step 4.3.5 - Fetal anatomy

Step 4.4 - Annotations required

Step 4.5 - Troubleshooting

Step 5 - Scan for fetal viability, number, presentation, and situs

Step 5.1 - Determine fetal lie and presentation

Step 5.2 - Scan the fetus for fetal viability

Step 5.3 - Determine fetal number

Step 5.4 - Determine fetal organ situs

Step 6 - Scan the maternal uterus and adnexae

Step 7 - Scan for amniotic fluid and placental location

Step 7.1 - Scan for amniotic fluid

Step 7.1.1 - Calculate amniotic fluid volume

Step 7.2 - Determine pacental location

Step 8 - Assess fetal biometry

Step 8.1 - Calculate the biparietal diameter

Step 8.2 - Head circumference

Step 8.3 - Abdominal circumference

Step 8.4 - Femur length

Step 8.5 - Transcerebellar diameter

Step 8.6 - Cephalic index

Step 9 - Scan fetal anatomy relevant to gestational age

Step 9.1 - Scan the fetal head and face

Step 9.1.1 - Cranium

Step 9.1.2 - Orbits

Step 9.1.3 - Lips and nostrils

Step 9.1.4 - Fetal profile

Step 9.2 - Scan the fetal spine

Step 9.3 - Scan the fetal thorax

Step 9.3.1 - Diaphragm

Step 9.3.2 - Fetal heart four-chamber view

Step 9.3.3 - Fetal heart left ventricular outflow tract, or aortic outflow tract

Step 9.3.4 - Fetal heart right ventricular outflow tract or pulmonary outflow tract.

Step 9.3.5 - Fetal ductal arch and aortic arch views

Step 9.4 - Scan the fetal abdomen

Step 9.4.1 - Fetal stomach

Step 9.4.2 - Fetal liver, spleen, and gallbladder

Step 9.4.3 - Fetal kidneys and adrenals

Step 9.4.4 - Fetal bowel

Step 9.4.5 - Fetal cord insertion and umbilical cord

Step 9.4.6 - Fetal bladder

Step 9.4.7 - Fetal umbilical vein, aorta, and inferior vena cava

Step 9.5 - Scan the fetal limbs/extremities

Step 9.5.1 - Fetal lower limbs

Step 9.5.2 - Fetal upper limbs

Step 9.6 - Scan fetal gender

Step 10 - Sonographic examination of the fetus in 2D, 3D, and 4D

Step 11 - Complete the procedure

Identify on diagrams and sonograms normal fetal anatomy of the second and third trimesters.
Describe and demonstrate gestational age assessment in the second and third trimesters, including multiple pregnancies.
Describe fetal presentation and position.
Identify on diagrams and sonograms normal feto-placental anatomy of the second and third trimesters.
Compare and contrast the advantages of 3D/4D imaging with those of conventional 2D imaging.
Follow relevant protocols when scanning.
Define and use related medical terminology.
Explain the Patient Privacy Rule (HIPAA) and Patient Safety Act.

The SIMTICS modules are all easy to use and web-based. This means they are available at any time as long as the learner has an internet connection. No special hardware or other equipment is required, other than a computer mouse for use in the simulations. Each of the SIMTICS modules covers one specific procedure or topic in detail. Each module contains:

an online simulation (available in Learn and Test modes)
descriptive text, which explains exactly how to perform that particular procedure including key terms and hyperlinks to references
2D images and a 3D model of applied anatomy for that particular topic
a step by step video demonstration by an expert
a quiz
a personal logbook that keeps track of all the modules the learner has studied and how long